Image preprocessing in classification and identification of diabetic eye diseases

Diabetic eye disease (DED) is a cluster of eye problem that affects diabetic patients. Identifying DED is a crucial activity in retinal fundus images because early diagnosis and treatment can eventually minimize the risk of visual impairment. The retinal fundus image plays a significant role in early DED classification and identification. An accurate diagnostic model’s development using a retinal fundus image depends highly on image quality and quantity. This paper presents a methodical study on the significance of image processing for DED classification. The proposed automated classification framework for DED was achieved in several steps: image quality enhancement, image segmentation (region of interest), image augmentation (geometric transformation), and classification. The optimal results were obtained using traditional image processing methods with a new build convolution neural network (CNN) architecture. The new built CNN combined with the traditional image processing approach presented the best performance with accuracy for DED classification problems. The results of the experiments conducted showed adequate accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. © 2021, The Author(s)

Convolutional neural network for multi-class classification of diabetic eye disease

Prompt examination increases the chances of effective treatment of Diabetic Eye Disease (DED) and reduces the likelihood of permanent deterioration of vision. A key tool commonly used for the initial diagnosis of patients with DED or other eye disorders is the screening of retinal fundus images. Manual detection with these images is, however, labour intensive and time consuming. As deep learning (DL) has recently been demonstrated to provide impressive benefits to clinical practice, researchers have attempted to use DL method to detect retinal eye diseases from retinal fundus photographs. DL techniques in machine learning (ML) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in the binary classification of healthy and diseased retinal fundus images while the classification of multi-class retinal eye diseases remains an open challenge. Multiclass DED is therefore considered in this study seeking to develop an automated classification framework for DED. Detecting multiple DEDs from retinal fundus images is an important research topic with practical consequences. Our proposed model was tested on various retinal fundus images gathered from the publicly available dataset and annotated by an ophthalmologist. This experiment was conducted employing a new convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Our proposed model for multi-class classification achieved a maximum accuracy of 81.33%, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 100%

Automated detection of COVID-19 through convolutional neural network using chest x-ray images

The COVID-19 epidemic has a catastrophic impact on global well-being and public health. More than 27 million confirmed cases have been reported worldwide until now. Due to the growing number of confirmed cases, and challenges to the variations of the COVID-19, timely and accurate classification of healthy and infected patients is essential to control and treat COVID-19. We aim to develop a deep learning-based system for the persuasive classification and reliable detection of COVID-19 using chest radiography. Firstly, we evaluate the performance of various state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks (CNNs) proposed over recent years for medical image classification. Secondly, we develop and train CNN from scratch. In both cases, we use a public X-Ray dataset for training and validation purposes. For transfer learning, we obtain 100% accuracy for binary classification (i.e., Normal/COVID-19) and 87.50% accuracy for tertiary classification (Normal/COVID-19/Pneumonia). With the CNN trained from scratch, we achieve 93.75% accuracy for tertiary classification. In the case of transfer learning, the classification accuracy drops with the increased number of classes. The results are demonstrated by comprehensive receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and confusion metric analysis with 10-fold cross-validation

Automated detection of mild and multi-class diabetic eye diseases using deep learning

Diabetic eye disease is a collection of ocular problems that affect patients with diabetes. Thus, timely screening enhances the chances of timely treatment and prevents permanent vision impairment. Retinal fundus images are a useful resource to diagnose retinal complications for ophthalmologists. However, manual detection can be laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, developing an automated diagnose system reduces the time and workload for ophthalmologists. Recently, the image classification using Deep Learning (DL) in between healthy or diseased retinal fundus image classification alread